Articles

Sex differences in the association between major cardiovascular risk factors in midlife and dementia: a cohort study using data from the UK Biobank

Sex differences in major cardiovascular risk factors for incident (fatal or non-fatal) all-cause dementia were assessed in the UK Biobank. The effects of these risk factors on all-cause dementia were explored ...

Authors: Jessica Gong, Katie Harris, Sanne A. E. Peters and Mark Woodward

Evaluation of a serum-based antigen test for tuberculosis in HIV-exposed infants: a diagnostic accuracy study

Non-sputum methods are urgently needed to improve tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment monitoring in children. This study evaluated the ability of a serum assay quantifying a species-specific peptide of the Mycob...

Authors: Liyan Mao, Sylvia M. LaCourse, Soyeon Kim, Chang Liu, Bo Ning, Duran Bao, Jia Fan, Christopher J. Lyon, Ziyong Sun, Sharon Nachman, Charles D. Mitchell and Tony Y. Hu

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the incidence and mortality of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: national interrupted time series analyses for Scotland and Wales

The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing national lockdowns have dramatically changed the healthcare landscape. The pandemic’s impact on people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains poorly underst...

Authors: Mohammad A. Alsallakh, Shanya Sivakumaran, Sharon Kennedy, Eleftheria Vasileiou, Ronan A. Lyons, Chris Robertson, Aziz Sheikh and Gwyneth A. Davies

Training for outbreak response through the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network

For 20 years, the Global Outbreak Response and Alert Network (GOARN) has been a leader in the coordination of international outbreak response. On the premise that no single institution can provide all capaciti...

Authors: Renee Christensen, Dale Fisher, Sharon Salmon, Patrick Drury and Paul Effler

Global burden of hypertension in people living with HIV

Authors: Jean Joel Bigna and Jean Jacques Noubiap

Association between HIV infection and hypertension: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies

Improved access to effective antiretroviral therapy has meant that people living with HIV (PLHIV) are surviving to older ages. However, PLHIV may be ageing differently to HIV-negative individuals, with dissimi...

Authors: Katherine Davis, Pablo Perez-Guzman, Annika Hoyer, Ralph Brinks, Edward Gregg, Keri N. Althoff, Amy C. Justice, Peter Reiss, Simon Gregson and Mikaela Smit

Impact of in-hospital discontinuation with angiotensin receptor blockers or converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study

In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the hypothesis that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) increased the risk and/or severity of the disease was w...

Authors: Francisco J. de Abajo, Antonio Rodríguez-Miguel, Sara Rodríguez-Martín, Victoria Lerma and Alberto García-Lledó

Variation in hypertension clinical practice guidelines: a global comparison

Hypertension is the largest single contributor to the global burden of disease, affecting an estimated 1.39 billion people worldwide. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can aid in the effective management of ...

Authors: Richu Philip, Thomas Beaney, Nick Appelbaum, Carmen Rodriguez Gonzalvez, Charlotte Koldeweij, Amelia Kataria Golestaneh, Neil Poulter and Jonathan M. Clarke

Associations of sleep apnoea with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration: an analysis in the United Kingdom Biobank and the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Sleep apnoea, a common sleep-disordered breathing condition, is characterised by upper airway collapse during sleep resulting in transient hypoxia, hypoperfusion of the optic nerve, and spike in intracranial p...

Authors: Xikun Han, Samantha Sze-Yee Lee, Nathan Ingold, Nigel McArdle, Anthony P. Khawaja, Stuart MacGregor and David A. Mackey

Comparison of infection control strategies to reduce COVID-19 outbreaks in homeless shelters in the United States: a simulation study

COVID-19 outbreaks have occurred in homeless shelters across the US, highlighting an urgent need to identify the most effective infection control strategy to prevent future outbreaks.

Authors: Lloyd A. C. Chapman, Margot Kushel, Sarah N. Cox, Ashley Scarborough, Caroline Cawley, Trang Q. Nguyen, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Bryan Greenhouse, Elizabeth Imbert and Nathan C. Lo

Swedish snuff (snus) and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: prospective cohort study of middle-aged and older individuals

Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but whether smokeless tobacco such as snuff is associated with the risk of CVD is still unclear. We investigated the association ...

Authors: Olga E. Titova, John A. Baron, Karl Michaëlsson and Susanna C. Larsson

The importance of transdiagnostic symptom level assessment to understanding prognosis for depressed adults: analysis of data from six randomised control trials

Depression is commonly perceived as a single underlying disease with a number of potential treatment options. However, patients with major depression differ dramatically in their symptom presentation and comor...

Authors: C. O’Driscoll, J. E. J. Buckman, E. I. Fried, R. Saunders, Z. D. Cohen, G. Ambler, R. J. DeRubeis, S. Gilbody, S. D. Hollon, T. Kendrick, D. Kessler, G. Lewis, E. Watkins, N. Wiles and S. Pilling

Correction to: Genetic architecture of cardiometabolic risks in people living with HIV

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Haoxiang Cheng, Anshuman Sewda, Carla Marquez-Luna, Sierra R. White, Bridget M. Whitney, Jessica Williams-Nguyen, Robin M. Nance, Won Jun Lee, Mari M. Kitahata, Michael S. Saag, Amanda Willig, Joseph J. Eron, W. Christopher Mathews, Peter W. Hunt, Richard D. Moore, Allison Webel…

Functional connectivity changes in cerebral small vessel disease - a systematic review of the resting-state MRI literature

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common neurological disease present in the ageing population that is associated with an increased risk of dementia and stroke. Damage to white matter tracts compromise...

Authors: Maximilian Schulz, Caroline Malherbe, Bastian Cheng, Götz Thomalla and Eckhard Schlemm

The impact of child health interventions and risk factors on child survival in Kenya, 1993–2014: a Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis with counterfactual scenarios

During the millennium development goals period, reduction in under-five mortality (U5M) and increases in child health intervention coverage were characterised by sub-national disparities and inequities across ...

Authors: Peter M. Macharia, Noel K. Joseph, Robert W. Snow, Benn Sartorius and Emelda A. Okiro

Nutritional research is moving to a whole-diet approach, time for food policy

Authors: Briar L. McKenzie and Lindsay M. Jaacks

Metabolic signatures of greater body size and their associations with risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

The mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer relationship are incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterise metabolic signatures of greater body size and to investigate their association with two o...

Authors: Nathalie Kliemann, Vivian Viallon, Neil Murphy, Rebecca J. Beeken, Joseph A. Rothwell, Sabina Rinaldi, Nada Assi, Eline H. van Roekel, Julie A. Schmidt, Kristin Benjaminsen Borch, Claudia Agnoli, Ann H. Rosendahl, Hanna Sartor, José María Huerta, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær…

What neurological and psychiatric effects does COVID-19 have on its survivors?

Authors: Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis

Shared genetic etiology and causality between body fat percentage and cardiovascular diseases: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis

Accumulating evidences have suggested that high body fat percentage (BF%) often occurs in parallel with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), implying a common etiology between them. However, the shared genetic etio...

Authors: Zhenhuang Zhuang, Minhao Yao, Jason Y. Y. Wong, Zhonghua Liu and Tao Huang

Prediction of individuals at high risk of chronic kidney disease during treatment with lithium for bipolar disorder

Lithium is the most effective treatment in bipolar disorder. Its use is limited by concerns about risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to develop a model to predict risk of CKD following lithium trea...

Authors: Joseph F. Hayes, David P. J. Osborn, Emma Francis, Gareth Ambler, Laurie A. Tomlinson, Magnus Boman, Ian C. K. Wong, John R. Geddes, Christina Dalman and Glyn Lewis

Estimating the effectiveness of routine asymptomatic PCR testing at different frequencies for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections

Routine asymptomatic testing using RT-PCR of people who interact with vulnerable populations, such as medical staff in hospitals or care workers in care homes, has been employed to help prevent outbreaks among...

Authors: Joel Hellewell, Timothy W. Russell, Rupert Beale, Gavin Kelly, Catherine Houlihan, Eleni Nastouli and Adam J. Kucharski

Falciparum but not vivax malaria increases the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women followed prospectively from the first trimester

Malaria and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDoP) affect millions of pregnancies worldwide, particularly those of young, first-time mothers. Small case-control studies suggest a positive association betwe...

Authors: Whitney E. Harrington, Kerryn A. Moore, Aung Myat Min, Mary Ellen Gilder, Nay Win Tun, Moo Kho Paw, Jacher Wiladphaingern, Stephane Proux, Kesinee Chotivanich, Marcus J. Rijken, Nicholas J. White, François Nosten and Rose McGready

Homocysteine, B vitamins, and cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study

Whether a modestly elevated homocysteine level is causally associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease remains unestablished. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to assess the associat...

Authors: Shuai Yuan, Amy M. Mason, Paul Carter, Stephen Burgess and Susanna C. Larsson

Associations between dietary patterns and the incidence of total and fatal cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in 116,806 individuals from the UK Biobank: a prospective cohort study

Traditionally, studies investigating diet and health associations have focused on single nutrients. However, key nutrients co-exist in many common foods, and studies focusing solely on individual nutrients may...

Authors: Min Gao, Susan A. Jebb, Paul Aveyard, Gina L. Ambrosini, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Jennifer Carter, Xinying Sun and Carmen Piernas

Changes over time in latent patterns of childhood-to-adulthood BMI development in Great Britain: evidence from three cohorts born in 1946, 1958, and 1970

Most studies on secular trends in body mass index (BMI) are cross-sectional and the few longitudinal studies have typically only investigated changes over time in mean BMI trajectories. We aimed to describe ho...

Authors: T. Norris, M. Hamer, R. Hardy, L. Li, K. K. Ong, G. B. Ploubidis, R. Viner and W. Johnson

The positive externalities of migrant-based TB control strategy in a Chinese urban population with internal migration: a transmission-dynamic modeling study

Large-scale rural-to-urban migration has changed the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in large Chinese cities. We estimated the contribution of TB importation, reactivation of latent infection, and local tran...

Authors: Chongguang Yang, Jian Kang, Liping Lu, Xiaoqin Guo, Xin Shen, Ted Cohen and Nicolas A. Menzies

Associations between attainment of incentivised primary care indicators and incident diabetic retinopathy in England: a population-based historical cohort study

The associations between England’s incentivised primary care-based diabetes prevention activities and hard clinical endpoints remain unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between attainment of primary ...

Authors: Ailsa J. McKay, Laura H. Gunn, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Eszter Vamos, Manjula Nugawela, Azeem Majeed, German Molina and Sobha Sivaprasad

Cooking oil/fat consumption and deaths from cardiometabolic diseases and other causes: prospective analysis of 521,120 individuals

Increasing evidence highlights healthy dietary patterns and links daily cooking oil intake with chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. However, food-based evidence supporting the...

Authors: Yu Zhang, Pan Zhuang, Fei Wu, Wei He, Lei Mao, Wei Jia, Yiju Zhang, Xiaoqian Chen and Jingjing Jiao

Reducing travel-related SARS-CoV-2 transmission with layered mitigation measures: symptom monitoring, quarantine, and testing

Balancing the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission with the resumption of travel is a global priority. Current recommendations include mitigation measures before, during, and after travel. Pre- and post-travel s...

Authors: Michael A. Johansson, Hannah Wolford, Prabasaj Paul, Pamela S. Diaz, Tai-Ho Chen, Clive M. Brown, Martin S. Cetron and Francisco Alvarado-Ramy

Novel associations between parental and newborn cord blood metabolic profiles in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study

More than one third of Norwegian women and men between 20 and 40 years of age have elevated cholesterol concentration. Parental metabolic health around conception or during pregnancy may affect the offspring’s...

Authors: Linn K. L. Øyri, Martin P. Bogsrud, Jacob J. Christensen, Stine M. Ulven, Anne Lise Brantsæter, Kjetil Retterstøl, Hilde K. Brekke, Trond M. Michelsen, Tore Henriksen, Jeanine E. Roeters van Lennep, Per Magnus, Marit B. Veierød and Kirsten B. Holven

Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the available evidence on the association of breastfeeding with the risk of childhood cancer.

Authors: Qing Su, Xiaohui Sun, Liwen Zhu, Qin Yan, Peiwen Zheng, Yingying Mao and Ding Ye

Modeling the interplay between demography, social contact patterns, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the South West Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

COVID-19 spread may have a dramatic impact in countries with vulnerable economies and limited availability of, and access to, healthcare resources and infrastructures. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, a low pre...

Authors: Filippo Trentini, Giorgio Guzzetta, Margherita Galli, Agnese Zardini, Fabio Manenti, Giovanni Putoto, Valentina Marziano, Worku Nigussa Gamshie, Ademe Tsegaye, Alessandro Greblo, Alessia Melegaro, Marco Ajelli, Stefano Merler and Piero Poletti

Reporting of harms in oncological clinical study reports submitted to the European Medicines Agency compared to trial registries and publications—a methodological review

An accurate and comprehensive assessment of harms is a fundamental part of an accurate weighing of benefits and harms of an intervention when making treatment decisions; however, harms are known to be underrep...

Authors: Asger S. Paludan-Müller, Perrine Créquit and Isabelle Boutron

Dexamethasone induces an imbalanced fetal-placental-maternal bile acid circulation: involvement of placental transporters

The use of prenatal dexamethasone remains controversial. Our recent studies found that prenatal dexamethasone exposure can induce maternal intrahepatic cholestasis and have a lasting adverse influence on bile ...

Authors: Wen Huang, Jin Zhou, Juanjuan Guo, Wen Hu, Guanghui Chen, Bin Li, Yajie Wen, Yimin Jiang, Kaili Fu, Huichang Bi, Yuanzhen Zhang and Hui Wang

Machine learning for subtype definition and risk prediction in heart failure, acute coronary syndromes and atrial fibrillation: systematic review of validity and clinical utility

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in research for subtype definition and risk prediction, particularly in cardiovascular diseases. No existing ML models are routinely used for cardiovascular disease m...

Authors: Amitava Banerjee, Suliang Chen, Ghazaleh Fatemifar, Mohamad Zeina, R. Thomas Lumbers, Johanna Mielke, Simrat Gill, Dipak Kotecha, Daniel F. Freitag, Spiros Denaxas and Harry Hemingway

Cost-effectiveness modelling to optimise active screening strategy for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in endemic areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) has been brought under control recently with village-based active screening playing a major role in case reduction. In the approach to elimination, we investigate ho...

Authors: Christopher N. Davis, Kat S. Rock, Marina Antillón, Erick Mwamba Miaka and Matt J. Keeling

Research priorities for Long Covid: refined through an international multi-stakeholder forum

Authors: Gail Carson

Dietary intake of trans fatty acids and breast cancer risk in 9 European countries

Trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been hypothesised to influence breast cancer risk. However, relatively few prospective studies have examined this relationship, and well-powered analyses according to hormone recepto...

Authors: Michèle Matta, Inge Huybrechts, Carine Biessy, Corinne Casagrande, Sahar Yammine, Agnès Fournier, Karina Standahl Olsen, Marco Lukic, Inger Torhild Gram, Eva Ardanaz, Maria-José Sánchez, Laure Dossus, Renée T. Fortner, Bernard Srour, Franziska Jannasch, Matthias B. Schulze…

Deep learning-based six-type classifier for lung cancer and mimics from histopathological whole slide images: a retrospective study

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy put forward higher demands for accurate lung cancer classification, as well as benign versus malignant disease discrimination. Digital whole slide images (WSIs) witnessed the...

Authors: Huan Yang, Lili Chen, Zhiqiang Cheng, Minglei Yang, Jianbo Wang, Chenghao Lin, Yuefeng Wang, Leilei Huang, Yangshan Chen, Sui Peng, Zunfu Ke and Weizhong Li

Using Mendelian randomization study to assess the renal effects of antihypertensive drugs

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and/or in combination with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are generally recommended as the first-line antihypertensive therapy for people with hypertension and k...

Authors: Jie V. Zhao and C. Mary Schooling

Puberty timing and markers of cardiovascular structure and function at 25 years: a prospective cohort study

Whether earlier onset of puberty is associated with higher cardiovascular risk in early adulthood is not well understood. Our objective was to examine the association between puberty timing and markers of card...

Authors: Gillian M. Maher, Lisa Ryan, Fergus P. McCarthy, Alun Hughes, Chloe Park, Abigail Fraser, Laura D. Howe, Patricia M. Kearney and Linda M. O’Keeffe

Greater public health impact of COVID-19 antigen detection tests

Authors: Akiko Kowada

Evaluation of glycemic traits in susceptibility to COVID-19 risk: a Mendelian randomization study

Observational studies suggest poorer glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk although these findings could be confounded by socioeconomic position. We condu...

Authors: Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Jie V Zhao and C Mary Schooling

Accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer based on histopathology images using artificial intelligence

Accurate and robust pathological image analysis for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis is time-consuming and knowledge-intensive, but is essential for CRC patients’ treatment. The current heavy workload of path...

Authors: K. S. Wang, G. Yu, C. Xu, X. H. Meng, J. Zhou, C. Zheng, Z. Deng, L. Shang, R. Liu, S. Su, X. Zhou, Q. Li, J. Li, J. Wang, K. Ma, J. Qi…

Severe mental illness and mortality and coronary revascularisation following a myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study

Severe mental illness (SMI), comprising schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression, is associated with higher myocardial infarction (MI) mortality but lower coronary revascularisation rates. Previous...

Authors: Kelly Fleetwood, Sarah H. Wild, Daniel J. Smith, Stewart W. Mercer, Kirsty Licence, Cathie L. M. Sudlow and Caroline A. Jackson

The trends and associated adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes of labour neuraxial analgesia among vaginal deliveries in China between 2012 and 2019: a real-world observational evidence

There is a lack of national report of the labour neuraxial analgesia (NA) rates in China in recent years, especially after the national promotion policy. The adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes associated ...

Authors: Yi Mu, Xiaodong Wang, Yanping Wang, Zheng Liu, Mingrong Li, Xiaohong Li, Qi Li, Jun Zhu, Juan Liang and Haidong Wang

Investigating the relationships between unfavourable habitual sleep and metabolomic traits: evidence from multi-cohort multivariable regression and Mendelian randomization analyses

Sleep traits are associated with cardiometabolic disease risk, with evidence from Mendelian randomization (MR) suggesting that insomnia symptoms and shorter sleep duration increase coronary artery disease risk...

Authors: Maxime M. Bos, Neil J. Goulding, Matthew A. Lee, Amy Hofman, Mariska Bot, René Pool, Lisanne S. Vijfhuizen, Xiang Zhang, Chihua Li, Rima Mustafa, Matt J. Neville, Ruifang Li-Gao, Stella Trompet, Marian Beekman, Nienke R. Biermasz, Dorret I. Boomsma…

Understanding the value of dietary indices prior to research application

Authors: Mary Foong-Fong Chong

Relationship between diet quality scores and the risk of frailty and mortality in adults across a wide age spectrum

Beyond intakes of total energy and individual nutrient, eating patterns may influence health, and thereby the risk of adverse outcomes. How different diet measures relate to frailty—a general measure of increa...

Authors: Kulapong Jayanama, Olga Theou, Judith Godin, Leah Cahill, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Michael D. Wirth, Yong-Moon Park, Teresa T. Fung and Kenneth Rockwood

A follow-up study shows that recovered patients with re-positive PCR test in Wuhan may not be infectious

Previous studies showed that recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can have a subsequent positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS...

Authors: Xiaomin Wu, Zengmiao Wang, Zhenyu He, Yapin Li, Yating Wu, Huaiji Wang, Yonghong Liu, Fanghua Hao and Huaiyu Tian