Gestational lipid profile as an early marker of metabolic syndrome in later life: a population-based prospective cohort study

Table 1 Characteristics of the total population (n = 3510)

Outcomes in pregnancy	Mean (SD) or Median (90% range)
Age mother, years	30.3 (4.8)
Gestational age at blood sampling, weeks	13.2 (10.5 to 17.1)
Non-European ethnicity, n (%)	1254 (35.7)
Low educational level, n (%)	317 (9.0)
Nulliparous, n (%)	2226 (63.4)
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m²	22.7 (18.8 to 32.0)
Smoking during pregnancy, n (%)	947 (27.0)
No folic acid supplementation, n (%)	836 (23.8)
SBP in early pregnancy, mmHg	116.0 (12.4)
DBP in early pregnancy, mmHg	68.5 (9.6)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.84 (0.88)
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.26 (0.72 to 2.33)
LDL-c, mmol/L	2.43 (0.73)
HDL-c, mmol/L	1.79 (0.35)
Remnant cholesterol, mmol/L	0.57 (0.33 to 1.06)
Non-HDL-c, mmol/L	3.05 (0.84)
Glucose, mmol/L	4.38 (0.85)
Gestational age at birth, weeks	40.1 (36.9 to 42.1)
Birth weight, g	3414 (558)
Small-for-gestational age, n (%)	350 (10.0)
Spontaneous preterm birth, n (%)	125 (3.6)
Pre-eclampsia, n (%)	80 (2.4)
Six years after pregnancy
Interval time, years	6.5 (6.2 to 7.8)
Age mother, years	37.0 (4.8)
Maternal BMI, kg/m²	24.4 (19.7 to 35.0)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.87 (0.89)
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.14 (0.61 to 2.51)
LDL-c, mmol/L	2.91 (0.78)
HDL-c, mmol/L	1.37 (0.33)
Remnant cholesterol, mmol/L	0.52 (0.28 to 1.13)
Non-HDL-c, mmol/L	3.50 (0.89)
Glucose, mmol/L	5.47 (0.99)
Waist circumference, cm	82.8 (11.0)
SBP, mmHg	119.2 (12.7)
DBP, mmHg	70.6 (9.9)
Metabolic syndrome, n (%)	350 (10.0)

Data are presented as mean (SD), median (90% range) or number of subjects (valid percentage) depending on normal or skewed distributions. Covariates are imputed. Waist circumference was measured ten years after pregnancy. Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL-c, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMI, body mass index

ISSN: 1741-7015